Renal & Urinary System Mastery Pack.

Content overview:

• Anatomy — nephron segment by segment (PCT, loop, DCT, collecting duct), diuretic sites of action built into the anatomy

• Urinalysis — every component interpreted (casts, nitrites, specific gravity, proteinuria levels)

• Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances — all 8 major electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Mg) with causes, mechanisms, symptoms, and full treatment protocols

• AKI — pre-renal vs intrinsic vs post-renal with key lab differences, ATN phases, nephrotoxin avoidance

• CKD — staging by GFR, all systemic complications (anemia, osteodystrophy, uremia, hyperkalemia), SGLT-2 inhibitors for nephroprotection

• Glomerulonephritis vs Nephrotic Syndrome — nephritic vs nephrotic full comparison

• UTI & Pyelonephritis — CVA tenderness, CAUTI prevention bundle, phenazopyridine teaching

• Kidney Stones — all 4 types, renal colic vs peritonitis distinction, post-ESWL care

• Bladder Cancer & Renal Cell Carcinoma — painless hematuria, paraneoplastic syndromes, urinary diversions

• Urinary Incontinence & Retention — all 5 types, BPH management, alpha-blocker teaching

• Hemodialysis & Peritoneal Dialysis — AEIOU indications, AV fistula rules, PD peritonitis

• Renal Pharmacology — 9 drug classes (loop/thiazide/K-sparing diuretics, ACE-I/ARBs, SGLT-2, ESAs, phosphate binders, cinacalcet)

• Electrolyte Emergency Protocols — hyperkalemia step-by-step, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia with ECG quick reference

• 10 NCLEX questions